| Fundamental belief | Bias | Brief description |
|---|---|---|
| My experience is a reasonable reference. | Spotlight effect  (e.g., Gilovich et al., 2000) | Overestimating the extent to which (an aspect of) oneself is noticed by others |
| Illusion of transparency  (e.g., Gilovich & Savitsky, 1999) | Overestimating the extent to which one’s own inner states are noticed by others | |
| Illusory transparency of intention  (e.g., Keysar, 1994) | Overestimating the extent to which an intention behind an ambiguous utterance (that is clear to oneself) is clear to others | |
| False consensus  (e.g., Nickerson, 1999) | Overestimation of the extent to which one’s opinions, beliefs, etc., are shared | |
| Social projection  (e.g., Robbins & Krueger, 2005) | Tendency to judge others as similar to oneself | |
| I make correct assessments of the world. | Bias blind spot  (e.g., Pronin et al., 2002a) | Being convinced that mainly others succumb to biased information processing |
| Hostile media bias  (e.g., Vallone et al., 1985) | Partisans perceiving media reports as biased toward the other side | |
| I am good. | Better-than-average effect  (e.g., Alicke & Govorun, 2005) | Overestimating one’s performance in relation to the performance of others |
| Self-serving bias  (e.g., Mullen & Riordan, 1988) | Attributing one’s failures externally but one’s successes internally | |
| My group is a reasonable reference. | Ethnocentric bias  (e.g., Oeberst & Matschke, 2017) | Giving precedence to one’s own group (not preference) |
| In-group projection  (e.g., Bianchi et al., 2010) | Perceiving one’s group (vs. other groups) as more typical of a shared superordinate identity | |
| My group (members) is (are) good. | In-group bias/partisan bias  (e.g., Tarrant et al., 2012) | Seeing one’s own group in a more favorable light than other groups (e.g., morally superior, less responsible for harm) |
| Ultimate attribution error  (e.g., Hewstone, 1990) | External (vs. internal) attribution for negative (vs. positive) behaviors of in-group members; reverse pattern for out-group members | |
| Linguistic intergroup bias  (e.g., Maass et al., 1989) | Using more abstract (vs. concrete) words when describing positive (vs. negative) behavior of in-group members and the reverse pattern for out-group members | |
| Intergroup sensitivity effect  (e.g., Hornsey et al., 2002) | Criticisms evaluated less defensively when made by an in-group (vs. out-group) member | |
| People’s attributes (not context) shape outcomes. | Fundamental attribution error/correspondence bias  (e.g., L. Ross, 1977) | Preference for dispositional (vs. situational) attribution with regard to others |
| Outcome bias  (e.g., Baron & Hershey, 1988) | Evaluation of the quality of a decision as a function of the outcome (valence) |